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Over the course of 2025, we have held more than fifty HR workshops dedicated to specific sectors.

Although each industry faces unique pressures, organisations across every sector, including utilities, construction, charities, care, purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA), housing, facilities management (FM), mechanical and electrical (M&E), professional bodies and tech, are now confronting similar structural HR challenges.

These include pressure on pay budgets, growing demands for transparency, ongoing recruitment bottlenecks, the need for stronger systems and data, and an accelerated push to modernise performance, benefits and governance. Here we summarise the common issues facing HR professionals that reflect the observations gathered across the sessions.

1. Pay reviews and budgeting are becoming more complex and less sustainable

The most consistent insight across all sectors is that annual pay reviews are becoming significantly harder to manage due to rising statutory costs, employee expectations and organisational budget constraints. The budget has confirmed further minimum wage increases for April 2026, adding to organisation’s pay budgets in reflection of the rising cost of living.

Across almost every workshop, organisations described how the combination of the National Living Wage increase, further National Insurance changes and multi-year budget pressures has tightened the financial space available for pay awards. This pressure is especially pronounced in sectors with large frontline workforces, such as Care, Housing Associations, PBSA, Renewables, Electricity, Water and FM, where pay compression is now a serious structural issue.

Residential Care employers highlighted that the difference between the National Living Wage and the Real Living Wage has narrowed sharply, underlining the importance of traditional external benchmarks to try and alleviate the risk of pay compression between bands. Meanwhile, Construction, Tech, Gaming and Professional Associations reported growing tension between candidate expectations and what employers can afford to offer. More organisations are exploring multi-year pay deals or broader organisational redesign to bring stability and sustainability into their workforce cost planning.

2. Pay transparency is driving widespread overhauls of pay structures and job architecture

A cross-industry shift is taking place towards transparency, driven by the wider effect of the EU Pay Transparency Directive, anticipated regulatory updates to reflect this in the UK and employee expectations. This is prompting organisations to redesign their pay structures, job families and grading systems at unprecedented scale. This trend was mentioned in nearly every workshop.

Employers across Electricity, Construction, Housing, Renewables, Water, PBSA, Charities, Tech, FM and professional bodies are mapping roles, standardising titles, cleaning job data and modernising grading frameworks. Many are introducing new salary bands and clearer progression pathways to prepare for transparency reporting.

However, the process is not easy. Organisations described challenges with inconsistent roles, legacy over-grading, limited job data and pressure from managers seeking re-grading solely to secure higher salaries. London and non-London differentials are also creating friction, particularly for organisations that consist of mainly remote workers. While the drivers vary, the underlying pattern is clear: for many employers, this year has been the start of the process to future-proof their pay architecture.

3. Recruitment and retention pressures persist

Despite signs of labour-market cooling, the workshops revealed that critical skills shortages and high turnover persist – especially in technical and frontline roles. The same roles repeatedly surfaced as hiring challenges across sectors: engineers, maintenance technicians, tradespeople, cyber specialists, health and safety professionals, legal and finance roles, and senior technical leaders.

Competition for these skills is driving salary expectations up faster than most employers can accommodate, creating a disconnect between candidate demands and organisational affordability. Retention challenges remain acute in sectors such as Residential Care, Build-To-Rent and PBSA, where early-tenure turnover is particularly high. Housing Associations and London-adjacent employers noted competitive pressure from nearby regions offering small pay increases that significantly influence labour mobility.

In response, sectors including Construction, Engineering, Renewables, Electricity and Local Authorities are investing more heavily in apprenticeships (in addition to the budget announcing further funding of £820m), graduate routes and putting in place clear career progression opportunities to foster home-grown talent and build longer-term stability.

4. HR technology and data improvement are now business priorities

A major discussion point was that HR systems, data quality and automation are no longer viewed as technical enhancements; they are central enablers of cost control, transparency compliance and workforce planning. Once seen as the mechanics of an organisation, they are now business priorities.

Housing Associations (both large and small), Electricity providers, Renewables firms, Professional Associations, Construction groups and Aid Charities all described significant technology change programmes, ranging from full HR Information System (HRIS) implementations to data cleansing and workflow automation.

The motivation is rarely ‘technology for technology’s sake.’ Instead, organisations are realising they cannot achieve pay transparency, accurate job evaluation or strategic workforce planning without reliable data and consistent processes. Artificial intelligence (AI) is also beginning to make a meaningful appearance, ranging from experimental AI-assisted job evaluation to individual managers using AI tools. Professional Associations are among the most proactive in building structured AI capability.

5. Benefits costs force employers to re-assess their Total Reward approach

Benefits reviews have become unavoidable in 2025, driven primarily by rapid healthcare cost inflation and ongoing pressure to demonstrate value to employees. Tech, Media, Housing, Care and Professional Services employers reported significant increases in private medical insurance premiums, prompting changes to excesses, outpatient limits and provider choices.

Several organisations reopened flex windows or introduced mid-year adjustments to keep costs manageable. Other benefits under review included long-service awards, insurance arrangements, neurodiversity support and communication of total reward.

The budget announced a £2,000 cap on tax-free salary-sacrifice pension contributions to come into effect in April 2029. As a result, HR teams will need to revisit pension policies, prepare for employee concerns about reduced take-home pay, and potentially redesign wider reward packages.

Many employers highlighted that employees do not fully understand or utilise their benefits, prompting a renewed push for clearer, more engaging communication.

6. Performance management and recognition systems are modernising

Across most workshops, organisations reported that their performance management frameworks are outdated, inconsistently applied or poorly aligned with current ways of working – and many are now taking steps to improve them.

Construction groups, Renewables, Electricity, Professional Associations, FM/M&E, Channel Islands and BTR organisations are redesigning performance processes, investing in new tools or training managers for more effective conversations. Some employers are moving toward continual feedback models or simplified frameworks to improve consistency and fairness.

Recognition is also gaining attention. Electricity providers, Housing organisations and Residential Care employers discussed redesigning recognition schemes, with a particular focus on values-aligned and non-financial appreciation. Legacy long-service awards continue to pose challenges, especially where redesigns have led to dissatisfaction among long-tenured employees.

7. Organisational change, harmonisation and governance are more frequent and complex

Many sectors are undergoing mergers, restructures and harmonisation efforts, and HR teams carry a growing share of the organisational governance burden. Housing Associations, Construction, Professional Associations, Water companies and Channel Islands organisations reported significant organisational change activity.

This includes aligning terms and conditions, consolidating job families, conducting equal pay audits and reshaping workforce structures to reduce cost or modernise practice. As pay transparency and governance expectations rise, HR teams are increasingly required to implement tighter controls around pay decisions, role changes and organisational design.

8. Hybrid working and workplace culture continue to evolve

Hybrid working remains a central cultural and operational issue, but its application varies dramatically between sectors. Tech, Media and Aid Charities continue to grapple with encouraging in-person collaboration and managing fairness between London-based and remote employees.

Organisations are also finding that culture and values are harder to embed with limited face-to-face interaction. Sectors with operational or field-based workforces, such as Water, Electricity, Renewables and FM, are gravitating toward more structured hybrid arrangements, typically limiting home working to one or two days per week. Housing Associations highlighted challenges with managing performance and wellbeing across dispersed teams.

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Incremental HR challenges can result in a structural reset across all UK employers. Rising labour costs, increased regulatory expectations, ongoing skills shortages and the need for better data and governance are forcing organisations to rethink the foundations of reward, job architecture, systems and talent development. Those that invest now in transparent pay frameworks, clean data, robust governance and clear career pathways will be better positioned to navigate the ongoing workforce pressures of 2026 and beyond.


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